#Reference Theory

[nikoco11]

been a while, angel

[daylane]

Free resource for artists and designers!!

I made a website where artists and designers can get color palette inspo from fire hydrants I've 3D scanned all over the US

Some of my favorites:

There are about 100 hydrants so far and I'm continuing to add more all the time

Public infrastructure is sexy, baby!!!!!! Pass it on!!

dayroselane.com/hydrants

[no-129]

🎨color study note

[vintacha]

for all the artists out there, here are my favorite resources i use to learn!

Files

The Complete Famous Artist Course

Art Books and Resources

Art, Anatomy, and Color Books

PDF Files of Art Books

Morpho and Other Art Books

Mega Folder

Internet Archive

YouTube

My YouTube Playlist of Tutorials

How to Draw Facial Features

Drawing and Art Advice

Drawing Lessons

Art Fundamentals

Anatomy of the Human Body

2D Animation

Perspective Drawing

Websites

Pinterest Board for Poses

Another Pinterest Board for Poses

Pinterest Boards for References

Reference Angle

AdorkaStock

Figurosity

Line of Action

Human Anatomy

Posemaniacs

Animal Photo References

Humanae - Angélica Dass

Fine Art - Jimmy Nelson

The Met Collection

Character Design References

CDR's Twitter Account

iamagco's Twitter Account

taco1704's Twitter Account

takuya_kakikata's Twitter Account

EtheringtonBro's Twitter Account

Drawabox

Color Wheel

Color Palette Cinema

Free Images and Pictures

Free Stock Photos

FILMGRAB

Screen Musings

William Nguyen Light Reference Tool

SketchFab - 3D Skeleton Model

Animation References - sakugabooru

Animation Screen Caps

Animation References - Bodies in Motion

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Intension and Extension

The philosophy of intension and extension pertains to the study of meaning, particularly in logic, semantics, and the philosophy of language. These concepts are used to analyze how words, terms, or concepts relate to the objects or entities they describe and how they convey meaning.

Key Concepts:

Intension:

Definition: Intension refers to the internal content or the conceptual aspects of a term—the set of attributes, properties, or criteria that a term conveys. It is essentially the "sense" or meaning of the term.

Example: The intension of the term "bachelor" includes the properties of being an unmarried man. These are the characteristics that define what it means to be a bachelor.

Focus on Meaning: Intension is concerned with what a term means, not directly with the specific instances it refers to. It's about the conditions that something must meet to be included in the term's extension.

Extension:

Definition: Extension refers to the set of all actual objects, entities, or instances in the world to which a term applies. It is the "reference" or the collection of things that fall under the concept described by the term.

Example: The extension of the term "bachelor" includes all specific men who are unmarried. These are the actual individuals who meet the criteria defined by the intension.

Focus on Reference: Extension is concerned with the real-world examples of a term, the specific members of the category that the term describes.

Relationship Between Intension and Extension:

Interdependence:

Linking Concepts to Reality: Intension and extension are closely related in that the intension of a term determines its extension. The set of properties (intension) defines what counts as an instance of the term, and therefore what is included in its extension.

Example: If the intension of "triangle" is "a three-sided polygon," then the extension includes all actual geometric figures that are three-sided polygons.

Variation Across Contexts:

Contextual Sensitivity: The extension of a term can change depending on the context, even if the intension remains the same. For instance, the intension of "president" as "the elected head of a country" is stable, but the extension (the actual person who is president) changes with each election.

Temporal Shifts: The extension of a term can also change over time. The intension of "planets in the Solar System" hasn't changed much, but the extension changed when Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet.

Philosophical Implications:

Analytic Philosophy and Logic: In analytic philosophy, the distinction between intension and extension is fundamental in understanding meaning, reference, and the structure of logical arguments.

Modal Considerations: Intension is also linked to possible worlds semantics, where the meaning of a term (intension) is consistent across different possible worlds, but its extension might vary from one world to another.

Applications and Examples:

Natural Kind Terms: Consider the term "water." The intension might involve being a clear, drinkable liquid, while the extension would include all actual instances of H₂O. However, in another possible world where water has a different chemical composition (say, XYZ), the extension would differ, but the intension might still involve the same concept of a clear, drinkable liquid.

Ambiguity and Vagueness: Words with vague intensions can lead to unclear or shifting extensions. For example, the intension of "heap" might involve "a large collection of grains," but determining the precise extension (what counts as a heap) can be tricky.

Criticisms and Debates:

Challenges of Intensional Definitions: Defining the exact intension of complex or abstract terms can be difficult. For instance, philosophical debates often arise over the intension of terms like "justice" or "knowledge."

Rigid Designators: Philosophers like Saul Kripke have introduced the concept of rigid designators, terms that refer to the same object in all possible worlds, raising questions about how intension and extension function in modal contexts.

The philosophy of intension and extension provides a framework for understanding how terms relate to the concepts they describe (intension) and the actual entities they refer to (extension). Intension deals with the meaning and properties of terms, while extension concerns the specific instances those terms apply to. This distinction is crucial in logic, semantics, and the philosophy of language, helping to clarify issues of meaning, reference, and the relationship between language and the world.

[egophiliac]

still ruminating over Lost In the Book With Spooky Skeletons Part 1, so here's a selection of some of my favorite little bits! (...some more loosely paraphrased than others) (I just feel like Idia has no room to criticize in general, okay)

anyway, I'm sure we're just going to have a fun time celebrating Halloween and nothing bad is going to happen whatsoever! :)

[vanni-network]

william doesn't actually gaf about any of his kids he just likes lizzy a bit more in my head 😇

[lazylittledragon]

oke it's 5pm and i've been day drinking but come closer. listen to me

i get asked for character writing advice quite a lot and i really don't feel qualified to give any but i have 1 (one) hack for relationship dynamics that hasn't failed me yet and it's the Ikea Test

if you're figuring out how to characterise a relationship (platonic or romantic) and you're struggling: just imagine them having to put together an ikea flatpack and write how it would go

[3liza]

the number of afab people replying to the pain poll going "yeah I've broken limbs and had 1st degree burns and given birth but nothing tops my menstrual pain" is so fucked up it is unbelievable. and I was right there with everyone else until I stumbled on a low dose progestin regimen that just made me stop menstruating. which I would recommend to everyone except it just doesn't work for everyone. ask your doc about it though, it won't cause permanent side effects or injury to try it out. i take norethindrone 2.5mg 2x/day. this dose has to be different for each patient to work correctly, that's just what I take. there's some research to suggest synthetic progesterone like norethindrone is carcinogenic so I'm going to look into switching. anyway i just got extremely lucky. there is seriously nothing like it. it was the worst pain I ever felt until the urology incident and frankly I think the menstrual pain was already a factor in the outcome of the urology incident

[therobotmonster]

Color Like a Classic Comic Book

I'm doing some tinkering on Fauxstalgia stuff, and since I believe in sharing resources, here's an RGB PNG version of the official DC pantone guide, with the swatches re-sampled from current pantone standards. This set is from 1982, but should be generally believable for most stuff post-WWII.

The versions floating around online (two of which are under the fold) are scans of prints and are not accurate for color-picking.

Now, these colors would also be altered by the printing process, but for clean, pre-print versions, here's some authenticity.

[hiccupshypotheticalleftsock]

tdp textposts: just vibes edition

[cut-aare]

Franmaya nation rise!!!!

[gumm1defloor]

In light of recent information

[incorrectbuddie118]

9-1-1 + ao3 tags (4/?)

[egophiliac]

listen. people have always debated which character is the most normal guy but what if it has in fact been crowley the whole time. no string pulling no master plan just a guy who wants to keep his school running and is cursed with problematic students and incidents

honestly I think the funniest possible reveal would be one of two options:

ONE: Crowley has no plot relevance whatsoever. he wears the mask to cover his receding hairline. his darkest secret is the bottle of "medicinal" whiskey under his desk. this man can barely plan a PTA function with six months' advance notice, he doesn't have the time or patience for any kind of overarching master plot involving mutating students or whatever. the only thing wrong with him is that he's been running this school for (mumblemumble) years and, quite frankly, if you'd been putting up with NRC students for a couple of centuries, you'd have totally checked out by this point too.

OR

TWO: Crowley IS actually Raverne and HAS been slowly enacting a master gambit...to embezzle school funds. the overblots are still completely incidental. he has somehow less idea of what's going on than we do. we confront him about it and he's just like

[manticorecure]

happy pre-trident civ exile pvpciv mutiny duo... if you hate them you will die and go to hell

alternate duo chromatic version under the cut bc tbh i liked it a lot